What are common complications associated with arterial punctures?

Hematoma formation and vessel spasm are indeed common complications associated with arterial punctures. When a needle is inserted into the artery, it can damage the vessel wall, leading to the accumulation of blood outside the vessel, which results in a hematoma. This is a localized collection of blood that can cause swelling, pain, and sometimes discoloration in the area.

Vessel spasm can occur as a physiological response to the puncture, where the smooth muscle in the arterial wall contracts. This spasm can lead to temporary occlusion of the artery, potentially causing issues with blood flow. Understanding these complications is crucial for anyone performing or managing arterial punctures, as they help in providing better care and monitoring to the patient afterward.

The other options represent potential complications, but they may not be as directly associated or as common in the context of arterial punctures specifically. Hemorrhage and arterial occlusion, for instance, while possible, are not as frequently encountered as hematoma formation and vessel spasm. Infection and embolism are more related to intravenous procedures and not as immediate a concern with arterial punctures. Scarring and excessive pain can occur with any invasive procedure, but they aren’t typically highlighted as the primary concerns following arterial punctures