Which device is the least invasive option to prevent upper airway obstruction in a conscious patient?

The nasopharyngeal airway is considered the least invasive device to prevent upper airway obstruction in a conscious patient due to its design and method of insertion. It is a flexible tube that is inserted through the nose and extends into the nasopharynx, allowing air to pass freely while avoiding direct trauma to the oropharynx. This makes it more comfortable and easier to tolerate for the patient, especially when they are conscious, as it minimizes gag reflex and discomfort compared to other airway devices.

The oropharyngeal airway is also a non-invasive option, but it is designed for unconscious patients, as it can induce gagging in conscious individuals. The endotracheal tube is more invasive since it requires intubation and is specifically intended for securing the airway in unconscious or heavily sedated patients. A tracheostomy tube is a surgical intervention that involves creating an incision in the trachea and is considered highly invasive, typically reserved for long-term airway management or in cases of severe obstruction. Therefore, the nasopharyngeal airway stands out as the most suitable option for conscious patients needing airway support.